Carmelite Quotes<p><em><strong>The Pastoral Letter from the Dutch bishops</strong> </em><br><em><strong>26 July 1942</strong></em></p><p>Saint Edith Stein’s biographer and former novice mistress, Sister Teresia Renata Posselt, O.C.D. of the Carmel of Cologne witnessed from a distance the events in the Netherlands leading to the arrest of Edith Stein. She tells us that even in Germany, Hitler’s regime was targeting Discalced Carmelite nuns:</p><p>The first victims were the Sisters in Luxembourg who were driven out of their monastery in February 1941 so that it could be made into a clubhouse and dance-hall for the B.d.M. [League of German Girls]. Scarcely had these homeless nuns found refuge with their Sisters in Pützchen before this Carmel also, together with the Carmel of Aachen, was dissolved in a space of two hours by the arbitrary power of the Gestapo. Düren followed in August of the same year.</p><p>Sr. Teresia Renata indicates that during that same time frame, relations between the regime and the Dutch bishops had deteriorated:</p><p>In Holland, the regulations issued against the Jews grew steadily more fierce. In August 1941, a conflict had already arisen between the Dutch Episcopate and the German authorities.</p><p>Among the measures in Holland that caused the Dutch bishops to bristle: a 1941 decree from the regime, which stated that only Jewish teachers could teach Jewish children. The decree meant that Catholic children of Jewish parentage no longer could attend Catholic schools. Cardinal de Jong of Utrecht protested, declaring that Catholic schools would never exclude children because of their heritage.</p><p>When the Nazi regime next decreed that signs stating “Forbidden to Jews” should be posted on all public buildings, once again the Dutch bishops refused to comply. But all of these measures paled in comparison to what followed, as Sr. Teresia Renata explains:</p><p>Yet the exclusion of Jews from public life was nothing when compared to the mass deportations of men, women, and children, indeed of whole Jewish families, that began in 1942. As was generally feared, many of them went to meet certain death in the Polish concentration camps, where they were either gassed or driven to do inhuman work in the salt, lead, or tin mines.</p><p>Thus it followed that a telegram was sent to the highest Nazi official in the Netherlands (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart#Reichskommissar_in_the_Netherlands" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Reichskommissar Arthur Seyss-Inquart</a>) on 11 July 1942 by a united, ecumenical representation of Dutch churches expressing their anger at the deportations. </p><p>The Nazi regime replied that any converted Jews who became Christians before 1941 would be spared deportation. However, the Dutch churches, including the Catholics, were not appeased; they were still opposed to the mass deportations of the Jews. </p><p>Sr. Teresia Renata describes what happened next:</p><p>[T]herefore they resolved to issue a joint protest in writing that was to be read publicly in all the churches on Sunday 26 July 1942. The proclamation should contain the text of the telegram sent to Seyss-Inquart on 11 July 1942. But even before the day on which it was to be read, Seyss-Inquart and Schmidt [his associate, the General-Kommissar] found out about the content of this joint letter of the church communities. </p><p>On 24 July the Nazi officials made concerted efforts to persuade church leaders to omit the text of the 11 July protest telegram from their public proclamation to be read from the pulpit. Some were ready to relent, but <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_de_Jong" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Cardinal de Jong of Utrecht</a> stood his ground. That a worldly power should intervene to influence the pastoral duties of the bishops was unthinkable. </p><p>Furthermore, the Dutch bishops’ pastoral letter had already been written on 20 July and distributed. It was impossible to retract the statement on purely practical grounds.</p><p>Thus on Sunday 26 July 1942, the <a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" href="https://rorate-caeli.blogspot.com/2012/07/70th-anniversary-of-pastoral-letter-of.html" target="_blank">pastoral letter</a> of the Dutch episcopal conference was read in every church at every Mass. Sr. Teresia Renata tells us that the letter began as follows:</p><p><em>We are experiencing a time of great distress, as well from a spiritual as from a material standpoint. But there are two problems greater than any others, that of the Jews and that of those who are deported to forced labor abroad.</em> </p><p><em>We must all become deeply aware of these dangers, and it is the purpose of this joint pastoral letter to make you conscious of them. </em></p><p><em>Such distress must also be brought to the notice of those who exercise power over these people. Therefore the Most Reverend [Catholic] Episcopate of the Netherlands, in conjunction with almost all the other church communities in the Netherlands, has turned to the authorities of the occupying forces; for the Jews among others, in a telegram with the following content dispatched on Saturday 11 July of this year: </em></p><p><em>“The undersigned church communities of the Netherlands, deeply shaken by the measures taken against the Jews in the Netherlands that have excluded them from participation in the normal life of the people, have learned with horror of the latest regulations by which men, women, children, and whole families are to be deported to the territory of the German Reich…”</em></p><p>The Nazi response was swift. On the following Sunday, 2 August 1942, Jewish converts in religious Orders were rounded up all over the Netherlands. St. Edith Stein and her sister Rosa were among them. </p><p>On the same day, General-Kommissar Schmidt publicly announced that the deportations were a direct reprisal against the pastoral letter that was read in the churches on 26 July. Sr. Teresia Renata tells us that Schmidt pressed the issue further:</p><p>Since the Catholic hierarchy… refuses to trouble about negotiations [to edit their letter], then we, for our part, are compelled to regard the Catholic Jews as our worst enemies and consequently see to their deportation to the East with all possible speed.</p><p>So it was that a Verbite priest remarked later: “all these religious, both men and women, truly died <em>in testimonium fidei</em> [in witness to the faith as martyrs], because their arrest was an act of reprisal for the bishops’ pastoral letter.”</p><p><strong>Sister Teresia Renata Posselt, O.C.D.</strong></p><p><em>Chapter 20, Plans of escape (excerpts)</em></p><p><strong>Note:</strong><em> </em>On the same day that the Catholic bishops’ pastoral letter was read in all the Dutch parishes, <a href="https://carmelitequotes.blog/2019/06/16/quote-of-the-day-16-june/" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">St. Titus Brandsma died a martyr in Dachau</a>, on 26 July 1942. Edith and Rosa Stein were among scores of “Catholic Jews” who were arrested on 2 August 1942.</p> <p>Posselt, T 2005, <em>Edith Stein: The Life of a Philosopher and Carmelite,</em> translated from the German by Batzdorff S, Koeppel J, and Sullivan J, <a href="https://www.icspublications.org/collections/edith-stein/products/edith-stein-the-life-of-a-philosopher-and-carmelite" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ICS Publications</a>, Washington DC.</p><p><strong>Featured image:</strong> The Dutch episcopal conference met in the Bishop’s Palace in Utrecht on 14 December 1943. From left to right: Bishop J.P. Huybers (Haarlem), Bishop P. Hopmans (Breda), Cardinal Archbishop Dr. J. de Jong (Utrecht), Bishop G. Lemmens (Roermond, in which diocese the Carmel of Echt was located), Bishop W.P.A.M. Mutsaerts (Den Bosch). 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